TURKMENISTAN ARCHIVE

EU to Help Turkmenistan Join Nabucco
12/04/08

Turkmenistan: Frustration Mounts as Western Energy Companies Wait for Ashgabat to Make Up Its Mind
James Delly: 11/24/08

Energy Summit in Baku Advances Regional Energy Cooperation
11/24/08

Helsinki Commission Hears Gloomy Predictions For Turkmen Election
Heather Maher: 11/22/08

Turkmenistan: Germany, Austria Embrace Realpolitik in Their Dealings with Ashgabat
Jan-Thilo Klimisch: 11/20/08

Notorious Bush Administration Neo-Con Remains Engaged With Central Asia, Caucasus
Joshua Kucera: 11/06/08

Turkmenistan: Ashgabat Sidesteps Global Credit Crisis, But Faces Inflation Fight
Deirdre Tynan: 10/30/08

Gazprom Works To Advance Russia’s Interests In Central Asia
10/20/08

Independent Audit Shows Turkmen Gas Field ’World-Class’
Bruce Pannier: 10/19/08

Kyrgyzstan: Lack of Results Again Raises Questions About the Future of the CIS
Joanna Lillis: 10/14/08

Kyrgyzstan: Bishkek Turns into Summit Central
Deirdre Tynan: 10/09/08

Russia: On the Look-Out for Ways to Increase its Caspian Basin Energy Position
Sergei Blagov: 10/08/08

Details About Shooting In Turkmen Capital Remain Unclear
Valentinas Mite: 9/14/08

Russia: The Kremlin Tries to Put on Brave Face Following Diplomatic Slap over Georgia
8/28/08

Russia Likely to Find Succor at Shanghai Cooperation Organization Summit
8/26/08

Turkmenistan: Berdymukhamedov Tinkers with Constitution in the Name of Efficiency
Deirdre Tynan: 7/28/08

Turkmenistan: A True Believer in the Ruhnama Resides in Wisconsin
Joshua Kucera: 7/22/08

Central Asia: Officials Struggle to Contain Outbreaks of Anthrax, Typhoid
7/14/08

RFE/RL Turkmen Contributor Released From Detention
7/05/08

Russian President Strives for a Breakthrough Moment in Caspian Basin Energy Game
Stephen Blank: 7/02/08

Central Asia: Western Democracies Enable "Petro-Authoritarianism" - Report
Deirdre Tynan: 6/27/08

Turkmenistan: RFE/RL Contributor Being Held At Infamous Psychiatric Hospital
6/27/08

Turkmenistan: Activists, Journalists Harassed Ahead Of EU Meeting
6/24/08

ODIHR Chief: OSCE Not In Crisis, Despite Persistent Human Rights Challenges
Jean-Christophe Peuch: 6/24/08

Energy: Nabucco Chief Eyes Iranian, Russian Gas Despite U.S. Objections
6/23/08

Turkmenistan: Wireless Internet Offer Hints At End To State Monopoly
Farangis Najibullah: 6/21/08

Central Asia: Bush Administration Seeks to Shortchange Region on Democratization Aid
Deirdre Tynan: 6/18/08

Pipeline Politics: Bulgarian Officials Tout Both Nabucco and South Stream Pipelines
Svetla Marinova: 6/17/08

Central Asia: World Bank Warns Of Tainted Blood Transfusions Across Region
6/15/08

Western Diplomatic Offensive in Central Asia Throws Russia on the Defensive
6/06/08

East Asian States Strive to Raise Their Economic Profile in Central Asia
Stephen Blank: 6/05/08

Central Asia: Ambition Often The Downfall Of Powerful Presidential Relatives
Farangis Najibullah: 5/31/08

Turkmenistan: NATO Finds New Partner In Central Asia
5/30/08

Central Asia: Beijing Flexes Economic Muscle Across Region
5/29/08

Azerbaijan Sees Positive Signs for Energy Partnership with Turkmenistan
Rovshan Ismayilov: 5/29/08

Caspian: Azerbaijani-Turkmen Summit Marks Potentially Lucrative Thaw In Relations
5/21/08

Caspian Basin: No Way to Halt Sturgeon Poaching
5/08/08

EU: Nabucco Looks To Middle East For Gas
5/06/08

Central Asia: Water Woes Stoke Economic Worries
Joanna Lillis: 4/28/08

Turkmenistan: ’April’ Returns To Ashgabat
Bruce Pannier: 4/26/08

Turkmenistan: Iran Admits Defeat in Gas Pricing Dispute
4/22/08

Price Maneuvering Begins for Uzbek and Turkmen Natural Gas Exports to Russia
4/21/08

Turkmenistan: Finance Officials Sacked Amid Talk Of Economic Reforms
4/21/08

Kazakhstan: Grain Export Ban Stokes Inflation Fears Elsewhere in Central Asia
Joanna Lillis: 4/16/08

World: CIS Countries Among Hardest Hit In Global Financial Crisis
4/11/08

Central Asia: Regional Art Trends Are On Display in New York
Deirdre Tynan: 4/11/08

Azerbaijan: Baku Hesitates on Nabucco Pipeline Project
Khadija Ismayilova: 4/10/08

Central Asia: Kazakhstan’s Neighbors Await Decision On Grain Exports
4/09/08

Central Asia and Caucasus: Experiencing Rapid Growth - Report
Joshua Kucera: 4/08/08

Uzbekistan: Karimov Approves Overland Rail Re-Supply Route for Afghan Operations
4/07/08

Russia and NATO: A Meeting of the Minds on Afghanistan?
Igor Torbakov: 4/02/08

Turkmenistan: Leader Proclaims "Open Door" Investment Policy
3/27/08

US Diplomat: Gazprom’s Gains From Central Asia Are Put to "Nefarious Uses"
Joshua Kucera: 3/26/08

Turkmenistan: Will Berdymukhamedov Commit to the Trans-Caspian Pipeline During His Turkey Visit?
3/20/08

Russia mulls stronger energy policies in Central Asia
Sergei Blagov: 3/18/08

Turkmenistan: Playing the Energy Export Field
3/17/08

Baku and Ashgabat Solved Long-lasted Problem while US is Pushing for Trans-Caspian Deal
Rovshan Ismayilov: 3/13/08

Central Asia: Severe Flooding Expected After Harsh Winter
Bruce Pannier: 3/09/08

Caspian: Turkmen, Azerbaijani Deal Could Raise Energy Hopes
3/06/08

Uzbekistan: German Delegation Visit Fans Debate over Democratization Strategy
2/29/08

Turkmenistan: Take Down The Portraits! Niyazov’s Personality Cult Being Dismantled
2/27/08

Turkmenistan: Gas Rationing Stirs Rare Public Outrage
Gulnoza Saidazimova: 2/23/08

Turkmenistan: Gas Rationing Stirs Rare Public Outrage
2/19/08

Turkmenistan: President Announces Amnesty, Excluding Political Prisoners
2/14/08

US Aid Budget to Eurasia: A Monument to "Inter-Agency Pettiness"
Joshua Kucera: 2/12/08

Turkmenistan: Berdymukhamedov Marks First Year as President
Aisha Berdyeva: 2/11/08

Caspian: Baku-Ashgabat Thaw Could Have Energy Impact
2/07/08

Turkmenistan: Turning the Tables on Russia
Stephen Blank: 2/06/08

Turkmenistan: Lions And Tigers And Mozart To Return To Cultural Life
1/30/08

US Diplomats Set their Sights on Turkmenistan’s Berdymukhamedov
Joshua Kucera: 1/29/08

Central Asia: Looking at Language Politics
Richard Weitz: 1/28/08

The Iranian-Turkmen Gas Row: And the Winner is ... Russia
Yigal Schleifer: 1/28/08

International Telecoms Eye Central Asian Mobile Market
Deirdre Tynan: 1/18/08

Turkmenistan: Where Roaming Will Be Free, But TV Won’t Offer an Escape
Aisha Berdyeva: 1/17/08

Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan Play Energy Games While Central Asia Shivers
1/15/08

Turkmenistan/Iran: Good Relations Take Turn For The Worse
1/15/08

Central Asia: A Vision for a Regional Transport Network Takes Shape
Joshua Kucera: 1/14/08

Turkmenistan: ’Gas-Rich’ Residents Shiver In The Cold
Bruce Pannier: 1/12/08

Turkmenistan: "Gas-Rich" Residents Shiver In The Cold
1/07/08

Turkmenistan: A New Obstacle For Access To The Airwaves
12/16/07

Harassment of Human Rights Activists is Widespread in CIS -- Report
Jean-Christophe Peuch: 12/13/07

Turkmenistan: Voters Hoping Elections Will Bring Long-Awaited Change
Gulnoza Saidazimova: 12/08/07

Central Asia and Caucasus: Governments Rely on Old-Style Methods to Contain Inflation
Deirdre Tynan: 12/06/07

The Future of Nabucco Pipeline Up in the Air
Khadija Ismayilova: 12/05/07

Turkmenistan: Can Ashgabat Keep All of Its Energy Export Promises?
Aisha Berdyeva: 12/04/07

Central Asia: Rethinking Border-Control Assistance
12/03/07

Caspian Basin: A Look at the Southern Factor in the Regional Energy Equation
A EurasiaNet commentary by Stephen Blank: 11/29/07

Russia Renews Interest in CIS, Agrees to New Price Deal for Turkmen Gas
Sergei Blagov: 11/27/07

Turkmenistan: Where Is Turkmenbashi’s Money?
11/19/07

Turkmenistan: Still an Independent Energy Player in Central Asia
11/09/07

Russia Urges Formation of Central Asian Energy Club
Sergei Blagov: 11/07/07

Tracing the Origins of the Great Caspian Basin Energy Game
Justin Burke: 11/05/07

Turkmenistan: Education System Proves Stubbornly Resistant to Reform
10/23/07

Caspian Sea: Azerbaijan Differs with Russia on Pipeline Construction
Rovshan Ismayilov: 10/22/07

Despite Lack of Progress, Caspian Summit Leaves Participants Optimistic
Sergei Blagov and Joanna Lillis: 10/17/07

Tajikistan: Agitating for a Central Asian Water-Management Framework
Deirdre Tynan: 10/11/07

CIS Summit: Coming Together on Paper, Still Apart in Practice
Konstantin Parshin: 10/09/07

Turkmenistan: A Selective Thaw in Progress
Joshua Kucera: 10/09/07

Central Asia: Kazakh, Russian Leaders Discuss Transport Corridor
10/05/07

Corruption Getting Worse in Central Asia - Report
Geyla Leshchinskiy: 10/01/07

UN General Assembly: Georgian President Lights a Fire in the Bear’s Den
Deirdre Tynan and Camelia-Entekhabi Fard: 9/27/07

Visits of Turkmen, Iranian Leaders Put Columbia University in the Spotlight
Deirdre Tynan and David Trilling: 9/25/07

Central Asia: Is The Region Entering A New Era Of Cooperation?
Bruce Pannier: 9/23/07

What Can Turkmenistan Offer Investors Apart From Gas?
Gulnoza Saidazimova: 9/22/07

United States Makes Push to Improve Relations with Energy-Rich Turkmenistan
Richard Weitz: 9/20/07

Central Asia: Is The Region Entering A New Era Of Cooperation?
9/20/07

Turkmenistan: Some Experts Link Cotton Cultivation to Epidemic
Aisha Berdyeva: 9/18/07

Turkmenistan: Media Repression Continues, One Year After Journalist’s Death
Oguljamal Yazliyeva: 9/16/07

Turkmenistan Needs to Balance Energy Development Desires With Environmental Risks - Watchdog Group
9/13/07

CIS: ’Summer of Love’ Reached Behind Iron Curtain
Salome Asatiani: 9/02/07

Turkmenistan: U.S. Commission On Religious Freedom Says Progress Is Heard, But Not Seen
9/01/07

Turkey: Ankara Seeks Role As East-West "Energy Bridge"
8/27/07

Turkmenistan: President Pardons with One Hand, Purges with the Other
Aisha Berdyeva: 8/23/07

Central Asia: Kazakh Vote Sparks Fear Of Regional Imitations
8/21/07

Shanghai Cooperation Organization Summiteers Take Shots at US Presence in Central Asia
Joshua Kucera: 8/20/07

Central Asia: SCO Leaders Focus On Energy, Security, Cooperation
8/16/07

Shanghai Cooperation Organization Summit Prepares to Open in Bishkek
Joshua Kucera: 8/15/07

Central Asia: Banned Islamic Group Hizb ut-Tahrir Continues To Gain Members
Gulnoza Saidazimova: 8/14/07

Central Asia: Internet Influence Grows Despite Official Pressure
7/27/07

The Ups and Downs of America’s Central Asian Relationships
7/26/07

Pakistani Islamic Missionary Group Establishes a Strong Presence in Central Asia
Igor Rotar: 7/23/07

Central Asia: Governments, Banks Gradually Open Up To Islamic Banking
7/13/07

Turkmenistan: The Personality Cult Lives On, Residents Take It In Stride
7/11/07

Turkmenistan: New President Shows Shades Of "Turkmenbashi"
7/05/07

Tehran Conference Fails Again to Demarcate the Caspian Sea
6/29/07

Prikaspiisky Pipeline: Temporary Delay or Fundamental Problem?
6/26/07

Report: CIS Countries Are "World’s Most Dangerous Places for Journalists"
6/25/07

Europe: Experts Say Russia Dependable Energy Supplier, But Urge Caution
6/23/07

East: ’If Countries Don’t Act Now, It’s Going To Be Too Late’
6/22/07

EU: Ministers Approve Bloc’s Central Asia Strategy
6/20/07

Turkmenistan: The President Strives to Show Investor-Friendly Face
Sergei Blagov: 6/19/07

Azerbaijan and Turkmenistan Probe Rapprochement
Rovshan Ismayilov: 6/18/07

Central Europe: Democracy Report Says New EU, NATO Members ’Backsliding’
6/14/07

Questions Cloud Turkish-EU Energy Cooperation
Yigal Schleifer: 6/12/07

Uzbekistan Looks to Diversify its Energy Options
6/06/07

Kazakhstan/Turkmenistan: Resource-Rich Central Asian Duo Seeks Cooperation
5/31/07

Kazakhstan/Turkmenistan: Resource-Rich Central Asian Duo Seeks Cooperation
5/31/07

CIS: Again And Again, Political Opposition Fails To Unite
Claire Bigg: 5/27/07

NGO Report Targets Judicial Corruption
5/24/07

Turkmenistan: Making a Bid for Cradle-of-Civilization Status
5/21/07

Russia Celebrates its Central Asian Energy Coup
Sergei Blagov: 5/16/07

Turkmenistan: New President Sacks Long-Serving Security Chief
5/16/07

Turkmenistan: Where Authorities Emphasize the Cult in Culture.
5/15/07

Azerbaijan: BTC Still Ready For Kazakh Oil, Despite New Deal
5/15/07

Russia Registers Victory in Caspian Basin Energy Game
5/14/07

Russia’s Central Asia Energy Strategy Experiences a Few Setbacks
5/11/07

The Government Retains its Iron Grip on Mass Media
5/07/07

Aiming to Reduce Russian Role in Caspian, Azerbaijan Builds Economic Ties with Asia
Stephen Blank: 5/03/07

Turkmenistan: The Dirty Secrets of Urban Renewal in Ashgabat
4/30/07

Turkmenistan: Still Waiting For Berdymukhammedov’s Thaw
Jean-Christophe Peuch: 4/28/07

Central Asia Faces Grim Environmental Future -- UN Report
4/26/07

New Turkmen Leader Visits Moscow and Doesn’t Blink
Sergei Blagov: 4/24/07

Small Steps to Loosen Turkmenistan’s Personality Cult Fuel Big Hopes among Population
4/23/07

Turkmenistan: The Human Toll Of Ashgabat’s Evictions
Farangis Najibullah: 4/21/07

Central/South Asia: The Silk Road Runs Through It
Jan Jun: 4/08/07

Russia Moves to Repair Ties with Azerbaijan
Sergei Blagov: 4/02/07

Central Asia: EU Seeks Energy, Presses On Rights
Bruce Pannier: 3/31/07

Central Asia: Rights Groups Highlight Region’s Problems
3/30/07

Central Asia: EU Takes Its Case To Astana
3/28/07

US Ponders Moves to Counter Aggressive Russian Energy Maneuvers
Ariel Cohen: 3/27/07

Central/South Asia: U.S. Official Sees Progress In Volatile Region
3/23/07

Turkmenistan: The Struggle for Rural Reform
3/13/07

In Turkmenistan, Internet Access Comes with Soldiers
3/08/07

Turkey Acts to Expand Caspian Basin Energy Presence
Nicholas Birch: 3/02/07

Azerbaijan Seeks New Dialogue with Turkmenistan
Rovshan Ismayilov: 2/28/07

Azerbaijan Seeks New Dialogue with Turkmenistan
Rovshan Ismayilov: 2/28/07

Russian Officials Move Swiftly to Keep Turkmenistan in Moscow’s Camp
Sergei Blagov: 2/20/07

Turkmenistan: Rejoining The Central Asian Fold?
2/17/07

Washington to Make Diplomatic Push for Greater Economic Integration in Central, South Asia
Joshua Kucera: 2/16/07

Uzbekistan Harbors Energy Development Plans; Russia Ready to Help
Sergei Blagov: 2/15/07

Turkmen Citizens Use Presidential Election as Opportunity to Speak Out
2/13/07

Turkmenistan: Special Presidential Election "Stage-Managed"
2/12/07

Polls Closed In Turkmen Presidential Election
2/11/07

US Aid to Central Asia: "The Rhetoric and the Numbers Are at Odds With One Another"
Joshua Kucera: 2/06/07

Turkmenistan: Test of the New Leader’s Reform Commitment Proves Inconclusive
John Bennett: 1/31/07

Turkmenistan and the Azerbaijani Connection
Stephen Blank: 1/29/07

Turkmenistan: Interim Leader Looks Cautiously To China
1/22/07

US Experts Ponder Possibilities for Improved US-Turkmen Relations
Joshua Kucera: 1/18/07

US Opportunity in Turkmenistan
Ariel Cohen: 1/17/07

Russia and the United States Wrestle for Control of the OSCE Agenda
Richard Weitz: 1/08/07

Turkmenistan: Presidential Campaign Opens With Surprising Promises Of Reform
Bruce Pannier: 1/06/07

Magazine on Central Asian Arts and Culture Makes Debut
Daniel Sershen: 1/05/07

Turkmenistan to Hold Special Presidential Election in February
12/26/06

Turkmen President Niyazov Laid To Rest
12/24/06

Turkmenistan after Turkmenbashi
Gregory Gleason: 12/23/06

Russia Looks to Protect Economic Interests in Turkmenistan amid Political Uncertainty
Sergei Blagov: 12/22/06

Turkmenbashi Dies, But Impact for Turkmenistan Unclear
12/21/06

Regional Electrical Integration: Panacea for Central Asia’s Economic Woes?
Reuel Hanks and Gregory Gleason: 12/07/06

Security, Energy and Democracy: US Interests in Central Asia
Ariel Cohen: 12/06/06

Bread Shortage Grips Turkmenistan
12/05/06

CIS Summit Embroiled in Media Scandal
Sergei Blagov: 11/29/06

Spirit of Cooperation Dominates Turkic Summit
Mevlut Katik: 11/20/06

Turkic Summit to Explore Commonwealth Possibility
Mevlut Katik: 11/15/06

Turkmenistan: Potential ’Super-Giant’ Emerges On Energy Scene
11/13/06

Central Asia: ’Fathers Are Crying There, Children Are Crying Here’
Bruce Pannier: 10/29/06

Central Asia: ’Fathers Are Crying In Turkmenistan, And Children Are Crying Here’
10/25/06

Turkmenistan: Killing Of RFE/RL Journalist, Rights Abuses Threaten EU Trade Accord
Ahto Lobjakas: 10/07/06

Central Asia: US Helsinki Commission Concerned About SCO’s Influence
Heather Maher: 10/01/06

Those Playing Caspian Basin Energy Game May Suffer from "Irrational Exuberance" -- Expert
Joshua Kucera: 9/22/06

Turkmenistan Takes Terror to New Level
9/14/06

Russia Bows to Turkmenistan’s Gas Pricing Demand
Sergei Blagov: 9/06/06

Russia Watches Warily as Turkmen-Chinese Economic Cooperation Expands
Igor Torbakov: 8/29/06

Central Asia: Security Services Take On Religious Dissent
Gulnoza Saidazimova: 8/11/06

Washington Wants to Help Georgia Break its Energy Dependence on Russia
Joshua Kucera: 8/04/06

Central Asia: Silk Road Revival Grows as More Sites Protected
Richard Solash: 7/09/06

Turkmenistan: French Media Watchdog Protests Detentions
7/07/06

Turkmenistan: The Achilles’ Heel of European Energy Security
Daniel Kimmage: 7/04/06

Turkmenistan: Media Coverage of Leader Distracts Attention from Real Problems
Gulnoza Saidazimova: 7/02/06

Turkish Entrepreneur Seeks Way to Sue Turkmenbashi
6/22/06

Turkmenistan: The Dregs of Democratization
6/15/06

Turkmenistan Faces a Crisis of Leadership -- Experts
5/25/06

Russia’s Energy Sector Hides Weaknesses Behind Powerful Facade
Stephen Blank: 5/16/06

The United States is Ill-Prepared to Wage a New Cold War
Justin Burke: 5/08/06

USAID Official Outlines Plan to Build Central-South Asian Electricity Links
Joshua Kucera: 5/04/06

Recent Report Calls for Stronger EU Presence in Central Asia
5/01/06

Turkmenistan: Proposed EU Deal Sparks Criticism
Bruce Pannier: 4/30/06

New Book Looks at Old-Style Central Asian Despotism
Elizabeth Kiem: 4/28/06

Washington Seeks to Steer Central Asian States Toward South Asian Allies
Joshua Kucera: 4/28/06

Islamic Radicals in Central Asia "Not All That Significant" � Expert
Havilah Hoffman: 4/25/06

Turkmenbashi Maintains Multi-Billion Dollar Slush Fund � Report
4/24/06

Embattled Turkmen Writer Remains Optimistic about the Central Asian Nation’s Cultural Future
4/19/06

Turkmenbashi in Beijing: A Pipeline Dream
Stephen Blank: 4/10/06

Turkmenistan: USAID Official Recounts Life in the Land of Turkmenbashi
Elizabeth Kiem: 4/07/06

Central Asia: Rethinking the Anti-Democratic Crackdown
Stephen Blank: 4/03/06

Central Asia: Rethinking the Anti-Democratic Crackdown
Stephen Blank: 4/03/06

Central Asia: OSCE Chief Tours Central Asia, But Not Uzbekistan
Bruce Pannier: 3/30/06

Russia Tries To Scuttle Proposed Trans-Caspian Pipeline
Sergei Blagov: 3/28/06

Turkmenistan: The Harrowing Experience Of A Detained Journalist
3/23/06

Central Asia: Villagers Encouraged To Protect Snow Leopards
Antoine Blua: 3/17/06

United States Must Encourage Russia to Democratize � Report
3/15/06

Turkmenistan: Activists Decry Arrests Of RFE/RL Journalists
Bruce Pannier: 3/14/06

Azerbaijan Frustrates Russia’s Bid to Control Caucasus Energy Grid -- Report
3/14/06

China Makes Policy Shift, Aiming to Widen Access to Central Asian Energy
Stephen Blank: 3/13/06

UN Water Report Takes A Hard Look At Central Asia
Nikola Krastev: 3/12/06

Turkmenistan’s Price Demands Imperil Moscow-Kyiv Gas Deal
Roman Kupchinsky: 2/18/06

Turkmenistan Vulnerable to Public Health Catastrophe
2/06/06

Kyrgyzstan’s Government Struggles to Improve Business Climate
2/02/06

Eurasia: Central Asian Gas Powers Regional Aspirations
Daniel Kimmage: 1/25/06

Deal with Turkmenistan Enhances Russia’s Energy Position in Central Asia
Sergei Blagov: 1/24/06

Turkmenistan: Niyazov Visits Moscow for Gas Talks
1/22/06

HRW Highlights Uzbekistan’s "Disastrous" Human Rights Situation
Gulnoza Saidazimova: 1/21/06

Central Asia: Hizb Ut-Tahrir’s Calls For Islamic State Find Support
Gulnoza Saidazimova: 1/17/06

Russia Creates a New Security System to Replace the C.I.S.
Marcin Kaczmarski: 1/11/06

Russian-Ukrainian Accord Does Not Ease Regional Security Concerns
Igor Torbakov: 1/09/06

Women and Power in Central Asia: The Struggle for Equal Rights
1/07/06

Central Asia: Pilgrims Depart For Hajj Amid State Control, Financial Burdens
Gulnoza Saidazimova: 1/04/06

Central Asia: New UN Human Development Report Asks, ’What If?’
Jeffrey Donovan: 12/10/05

Central Asia: Oil, Diplomacy, and Military Might
Antoine Blua: 10/30/05

Russia Seeks to Keep Pressure on United States in Central Asia
Sergei Blagov: 10/25/05

Central Asia: Q&A With U.S. Assistant Secretary Of State Daniel Fried
Robert McMahan: 10/06/05

Central Asia: Scientists Sound Alarm Over Caspian Sturgeon
Breffni O'Rourke: 9/25/05

Water Could Become Major Catalyst for Conflict
Roman Kupchinsky: 9/18/05

Central Asia: The Mechanics Of Russian Influence
Daniel Kimmage: 9/16/05

Russia Adapts Policy to Address Rift Within CIS
Igor Torbakov: 9/12/05

Turkmenistan Base Rumor Likely Part of a Russian Disinformation Campaign
Stephen Blank: 9/07/05

Russia’s Foreign Policy and Eurasianism
Dmitry Shlapentokh: 9/02/05

Central Asia’s Energy Game Intensifies
Stephen Blank: 9/01/05

The CIS: The End of the Road?
Sergei Blagov: 8/29/05

Turkmenistan: No Job Security for Officials -- Even Old Presidential Friends
Bruce Pannier: 8/28/05

CIS: If It’s So Ineffectual, Why Do Leaders Keep Meeting?
Valentinas Mite: 8/26/05

Central Asia: Treaty On Nuclear Weapon-Free Zone Advances
Robert McMahon: 7/30/05

Central Asia: U.S. Congressman Seeks To Link Aid to Reforms Interview
Robert McMahon: 7/28/05

Central Asia: U.S. Congressman Seeks To Link Aid to Reforms Interview
Robert McMahon: 7/28/05

The Former Soviet Union’s Next Wave of Democratization
Christopher Walker: 7/14/05

Turkmenistan: Former PM Falls From Grace After Accusations He Embezzled $100 Million
Bruce Pannier: 6/24/05

Turkmenistan: How Healthy is Niyazov?
6/21/05

Public Health Crisis Threatens to Overwhelm Turkmenistan
6/10/05

CIS Struggles for Cohesion
Molly Corso: 6/06/05

Author Finds Voice in a Drifting Central Asia
Alec Appelbaum: 4/22/05

Russia Outmaneuvers Ukraine for Turkmen gas � For Now
Sergei Blagov: 4/21/05

Central Asia: Kyrgyzstan’s Neighbors Tighten Laws To Prevent Revolutions
Bruce Pannier: 4/21/05

Central Asia: Breaking The Information Stranglehold
Christopher Walker: 4/15/05

Central Asia: Are Trophy Hunting And Wildlife Conservation Compatible?
Antoine Blua: 4/08/05

Ukraine, Turkmenistan Probe Gas Deal
Igor Torbakov: 4/05/05

Turkmenistan: Is President Trying to Euthanize Health Care?
Bruce Pannier: 3/05/05

Central Asia’s Over-Reliance on Cotton Fuels Potentially Dangerous Social Pressure -- Expert
2/15/05

Central Asia: New Report Warns of Social Cost of Region’s Reliance on Cotton
Nikola Krastev: 2/12/05

CIS: What Happens To Post-Soviet Presidents After They Leave Office?
Gulnoza Saidazimova: 2/08/05

Kazakhstan Likely Leader in Regional Cooperation
Gulnoza Saidazimova: 1/30/05

Central Asia: China’s Growing Regional, European Links Seen As Benefiting Region
Breffni O'Rourke: 1/28/05

Central Asia: Authorities Cite Uzbek, Turkmen Economic Growth, But Living Standards Still Low
Gulnoza Saidazimova: 1/14/05

Russian Leaders Mull Geopolitical Moves in 2005
Sergei Blagov: 1/04/05

Democracy in the Former Soviet Union: 1991-2004
Yevgeny Bendersky: 1/03/05

Central Asia: A Year In Review
Daniel Kimmage: 1/02/05

Central Asia: What’s Being Done About AIDS?
Naz Nazar: 12/31/04

Central Asia: Attitudes, Abuse Contribute to Spread of AIDS
Kathleen Moore: 12/30/04

A Silent Killer Threatens Central Asia
Antoine Blua: 12/28/04

Turkmenistan: Election Noteworthy for Lower Official Voter Turnout
Gulnoza Saidazimova: 12/20/04

As New Term Approaches, Bush Administration Confronts Old Problems in Southwest and Central Asia
Ahmed Rashid: 12/14/04

Trend Is Away from Capital Punishment in Central Asia
Antoine Blua: 12/12/04

Central Asia: What Chance for Democracy?
Mevlut Katik: 12/10/04

Leaders of Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan Press Ahead with Bilateral Thaw
Esmer Islamov: 12/02/04

Central Asia: China’s Mounting Influence -- Facing Militant Threats
Kathleen Moore: 11/26/04

Central Asia: China’s Mounting Influence -- Xinjiang’s Thirst Threatens Kazakh Water Resources
Antoine Blua: 11/24/04

Central Asia: China’s Mounting Influence
Jeremy Bransten: 11/23/04

China’s Mounting Influence on Central Asia: The Battle for Oil
Michael Lelyveld: 11/20/04

"Serious Instability" Possible in Turkmenistan Without Urgent Changes -- Report
11/19/04

"Serious Instability" Possible in Turkmenistan Without Urgent Changes -- Report
11/19/04

Growing Russian Influence in Central Asia
Arun Sahgal: 11/08/04

Religion, State, and Fear in Central Asia
Daniel Kimmage: 10/31/04

Analysis: Energy Geopolitics In The Caspian
Houchang Hassan-Yari: 10/19/04

Central Asia: Corruption, Lack of Vision Seen as Stunting Economic Growth
Andrew Tully: 10/10/04

Russia Pushes Trade for CIS Unity
Sergei Blagov: 9/24/04

Wanted: A New CIS Policy for Russia
Igor Torbakov: 9/23/04

Central Asia: NGOs Face Rising Tide of Suspicion from Governments
Bruce Pannier: 9/19/04

Central Asia: NGOs Helping To Develop Civil Society
Antoine Blua: 9/18/04

Turkmenistan Wrestles with Child Labor Issue as Cotton Harvest Approaches
9/01/04

Central Asia: Analysts Say Independence Has Been Mixed Bag
Antoine Blua: 9/01/04

Policy Makers in Moscow Debate the Limits of Russian Power in the Caucasus, Central Asia
Igor Torbakov: 8/30/04

OSCE Shifting to Focus Greater Attention on Central Asia, Caucasus
Breffni O'Rourke: 8/21/04

Carving Up Turkmenistan’s Gas Pie
Najia Badykova: 8/11/04

Russia Mulls Measures to Check Chinese Influence in Central Asia
Stephen Blank: 7/29/04

Turkmenistan: Government Orders People Out Of Their Homes In Name Of ’Urban Renewal’
Bruce Pannier: 7/24/04

Leaflets Calling for Overthrow of Turkmenistan Government Appear in Bazaars
Bruce Pannier: 7/17/04

Caspian: Influx Of Killer Jellyfish Threatens Fish Stocks
Antoine Blua: 7/03/04

In Central Asia, Russia Pushes Back Against NATO Influence
Sergei Blagov: 7/02/04

Central Asia: New UN Report Warns Aral Sea On The Verge Of Disappearing
Nikola Krastev: 7/01/04

Uzbek Family Finds Itself Suddenly Straddling Turkmen Border
Bruce Pannier: 6/20/04

Analysis of Turkmenistan: Dictator As Clown Grows Stale
Daniel Kimmage: 6/01/04

OSCE: Prague Conference Aims to Build Business Climate in Central Asia, Caucasus
Breffni O'Rourke: 5/29/04

Russia and Armenia: United by Geopolitics, Divided by Energy Resources
Sergei Blagov: 5/17/04

Central Asia: Disappointment And Anger As Prison Scandal Cuts Into America’s Democratic Image
Daisy Sindelar: 5/15/04

Turkmenistan’s Education System in Downward Spiral
5/05/04

Watchdog Groups Critical of Media Conditions in Central Asia, Caucasus
5/04/04

Turkmenistan: In The North, Residents Thirst for Clean Drinking Water
Antoine Blua: 5/01/04

Helsinki Federation Report Details Turkmenistan Rights Abuses
Ken Stier: 4/28/04

Optimism Increases for Caspian Sea Agreement
Timur Onica: 4/19/04

Desert Gold: Niyazov’s Conflicted Approach to Turkmenistan’s Water Woes
4/16/04

Turkmenistan: Former Chief Mufti Sentenced To Prison For Reasons That Remain Unclear
Antoine Blua: 4/02/04

Central Asia: ’World TB Day’ Observed Amid Concerns of Epidemic
Antoine Blua: 3/28/04

Turkmenistan: President Relaxes Registration Rules For Religious Groups
Antoine Blua: 3/14/04

Turkmenistan: State Interfering In Religious Life Of Ethnic Uzbeks
Antoine Blua: 3/10/04

Correspondents Arrested, Harassed In Turkmen Crackdown Against RFE/RL
3/04/04

Central Asia: New Report Shoots Down Assumptions About Arms Proliferation
Antoine Blua: 2/28/04

Russia Acts Aggressively to Enhance Energy Position in Turkmenistan
Sergei Blagov: 2/26/04

Central Asia: Report Calls On U.S. To Rethink Its Regional Approach
Antoine Blua: 2/22/04

Central Asia: What Impact Does Falling Dollar Have On Region?
Antoine Blua: 2/07/04

Report: Washington Must Re-conceptualize It’s Security Vision for Eurasia
2/05/04

Reexamining Old Concepts About the Caucasus and Central Asia
Igor Torbakov: 2/04/04

Western Diplomat: UN Censure Serves as "Foreign Policy Signal"
Catherine A. Fitzpatrick: 1/16/04

Niyazov Lifts Exit-Visa Requirement for Turkmen Citizens
1/08/04

Five Different Futures Await Five Central Asian States
Bruce Pannier: 12/26/03

Central Asia/North Africa: Both Regions Face Growing Islamism, Strongmen
Breffni O'Rourke: 12/21/03

Delay, Competition Mar Russia’s Turkmenistan Venture
Sergei Blagov: 12/19/03

Parliamentary Elections Signal Growing Russian Assertiveness Towards CIS Neighbors
Igor Torbakov: 12/18/03

New Law in Turkmenistan Cracks Down on Civic Groups
12/10/03

India Set to Expand Presence in Central Asia
Ibragim Alibekov: 12/03/03

Turkmens Get Rare Look At Relations With US -- From Both Sides
Bruce Pannier: 11/30/03

Where Georgians See Roses, Regional Leaders May See Thorns
Bruce Pannier: 11/28/03

A Watershed Event for Turkmenistan’s Political Opposition
Vitalii Ponomarev: 11/25/03

Assassination Attempt One Year Ago Altered International Perception of Turkmenistan
Erika Dailey: 11/25/03

Civil Society Reels After "Blow" Against Niyazov
Vakil Saparov: 11/25/03

Turkmenistan’s Place in the Global Community
11/21/03

Turkmenistan’s Crackdown: A View from Jail
Farid Tuhbatulin: 11/21/03

Turkmenistan: The More Things Change...
11/20/03

Ashgabat Takes Further Steps To Suppress Religious Faiths
Antoine Blua: 11/15/03

Central Asia: Girls Face Discrimination In Schooling
Antoine Blua: 11/09/03

Turkmenistan: Annual Amnesty Set To Free 7,000 Convicts -- But Why?
Antoine Blua: 11/02/03

Russian Policymakers Air Notion of "Liberal Empire" in Caucasus, Central Asia
Igor Torbakov: 10/27/03

US Unilateralism Fuels Great Power Rivalry in Central Asia
Todd Diamond: 10/01/03

Turkmenistan’s Embattled Opposition Forges a United Front
9/30/03

Turkmenistan: Opposition Groups Begin Meeting in Prague
Bruce Pannier: 9/28/03

Central Asia: As World Marks Literacy Day, What Of USSR’s Legacy?
Jeremy Bransten: 9/08/03

Iran Intent on Keeping Pace with Caspian Basin Energy Development
Hooman Peimami: 8/19/03

Finding a New Central Asian Doctrine of Lucid Flexibility
Jonathan Feiser: 7/15/03

Report Examines Underground Islamic Group’s Potential for Violent Action in Central Asia
7/15/03

Kazakhstan: Rights Abuses Fuel HIV Infection Rates
Antoine Blua: 7/05/03

Have American Officials Identified a New Threat in Central Asia?
Ariel Cohen: 6/24/03

Russia Set to Toughen Position on Turkmenistan Over Dual Citizenship Dispute
Igor Torbakov: 6/17/03

China Making Diplomatic Push in Central Asia
Ted Weihman: 6/09/03

Turkmenistan’s Move to Eliminate Dual Citizenship Creates Political Problems for Russian President
Igor Torbakov: 6/04/03

Russia/Turkmenistan: Are Tensions Growing Between Moscow And Ashgabat?
Farangis Najibullah: 6/01/03

Turkmenistan’s Rights Record Doesn’t Outweigh International Investment Interest
Mark Berniker: 5/30/03

Clashing Approaches Becloud Central Asia’s Water Future
Ibragim Alibekov: 5/28/03

Sold Out?
Nazik Ataeva: 5/19/03

Turkmen-Uzbek Tension Easing, But Ethnic Minorities in Both Countries Continue to Suffer
Kamol Kholmuradov: 5/15/03

Caspian States Make Progress Towards Accord, But Territorial Differences Remain
Sergei Blagov: 5/15/03

A Journey Into the Past and Future of Central Asian Film
Alla Verlotsky: 5/02/03

Turkmenistan: Local Russians Pack Their Bags as Dual Citizenship Nears End
Farangis Najibullah: 4/30/03

New Security Organization Could Help Expand Russia’s Reach in Central Asia
Ibragim Alibekov and Sergei Blagov: 4/29/03

Russian-Turkmen Pacts Mark Strategic Shift for Moscow in Central Asia
Igor Torbakov: 4/15/03

Central Asia: Efforts Under Way to Bring Region Up to Speed with the Internet
Antoine Blua: 4/13/03

Central Asia: Despite Ban on Censorship, Pressure Continues on Media
4/12/03

Moscow Seeks to Take Advantage of Iraq Conflict to Reassert its Leadership in CIS
Igor Torbakov: 4/09/03

Central Asia: State Department Sees Little Improvement In Rights Situation
Bruce Pannier: 4/05/03

Iraq War Prompts Most Central Asian Leaders to Reevaluate US Ties
Konstantin Parshin: 4/04/03

Radical Islam More About Arab Nationalism Than Religion, Expert Contends
4/03/03

Caspian Basin Confronts Boom and Bust Energy Cycle
Ariel Cohen: 3/24/03

States in Central Asia, Caucasus Brace For Iraq Blitz Consequences
3/20/03

Turkmenistan: People Prepare To Vote -- But For Whom?
Bruce Pannier: 3/15/03

Russian Economic Integration Effort May Leave Most Central Asian States Behind
Igor Torbakov: 3/11/03

Case of Ecological Activist Exposes Rift Between Turkmenistan and International Observers
3/05/03

Turkmenistan Faces Multiple Sources of Domestic Strife � Expert
2/12/03

Niyazov Keeps Alive Legacy of Soviet-Style Show Trials in Turkmenistan
Catherine A. Fitzpatrick: 2/12/03

Turkmenistan: Government Further Tightens Control Over Travel, Opposition, Media
Antoine Blua: 2/08/03

Live in Ashkhabat? Bored? Why Not Confess to Trying to Kill Turkmenbashi?
A Cartoon by Ted Rall: 1/17/03

Turkmenistan: Court Given Sweeping Powers to Sentence Would-Be Assassins
Antoine Blua: 1/19/03

Turkish Party Leader Seeks Favor in Central Asia
Mevlut Katik: 1/14/03

The Disappearing Caspian
Ian Bremmer and Edward L. Morse: 1/10/03

Turkmenistan’s Niyazov Crushes Opposition Movement
1/07/03

Turkmenistan: Observers Denounce Sentencings As Pretext For Crackdown
Antoine Blua: 1/04/03

Ankara’s Post-Soviet Efforts in the Caucasus and Central Asia: The Failure of the "Turkic World" Model
Igor Torbakov: 12/26/02

Using International Levers for Change in Central Asia
Catherine A. Fitzpatrick: 12/22/02

Trans-Afghan Pipeline Project Moving Forward, Faces Risks
Mark Berniker: 12/19/02

New Russian Deployment Marks Changed Strategy
Ariel Cohen: 12/17/02

Russia Moves to Reassert Influence in Central Asia, Caucasus
Igor Torbakov: 12/16/02

Turkmenistan: Human Rights Officials Criticize Investigation Into Assassination Plot
Antoine Blua: 12/13/02

Opposition in Exile: Turkmenistan
Rustem Safronov: 12/09/02

Niyazov Targets Russians as Clampdown Continues Following Assassination Attempt in Turkmenistan
12/04/02

Niyazov, Dissidents Trade Charges as Arrests Mount
11/26/02

Central Asian Diplomats See Promise in New Turkish Leadership
Jim Bodgener: 11/26/02

Assassination Attempt a Response to Niyazov’s Authoritarian Policies
11/25/02

Turkmen President Niyazov Survives Assassination Attempt
11/25/02

US Officials Relying on Engagement Strategy to Promote Change in Central Asia
Ariel Cohen: 11/14/02

Turkmenistan: Opposition See Cracks Emerging In Ashgabat Regime
Zamira Eshanova: 11/03/02

Azerbaijan Ferry Disaster Raises Questions About Joint Flotilla
Mevlut Katik: 10/25/02

"Golden Century of the Turkmens:" a Bleak Picture of Village Life in the Desert
Filip Noubel: 10/25/02

US Congress Considers Steps to Keep Internet Open in Countries with Repressive Governments
Alec Appelbaum: 10/23/02

Congressional Resolution Takes Central Asian Governments to Task Over Rights Abuses
10/22/02

Analyst Predicts "Radical Change" Near for Turkmenistan
10/21/02

Central Asia: Challenges To Civic Education Remain
Antoine Blua: 10/14/02

Turkmenistan: Rumors Of Niyazov’s Ill Health Symptomatic Of A Closed Society
Zamira Eshanova: 10/13/02

New Great Games in the Caspian Will Involve Complex Stakes
Ariel Cohen: 10/11/02

The OSCE Needs to Take New Strategic Approach in Central Asia � ICG Report
Alena Kim: 10/10/02

Looking Behind Turkmenistan’s Cult
Rachel Denber: 10/09/02

Shake-Up in Turkmen Spy Agency Hints at Pending Crisis
Roger N McDermott: 9/30/02

Aliyev Balances US and Russian Interests in Turbulent Caucasus
Fariz Ismailzade: 9/25/02

Russo-Azerbaijani Deal on Caspian Encourages Putin’s Ambitions
Sergei Blagov: 9/25/02

Uncertainty Still Defines Russia’s Role in Central Eurasia
Ariel Cohen: 9/19/02

Opposition in Tbilisi Rallies to Shevardnadze’s Side, But Support Seems Shaky
Giorgi Kandelaki: 9/19/02

A Year Later, Central Asian Economies Have Not Changed Course
Alec Appelbaum: 9/10/02

Turkmenistan: Ashgabat Overstating Gas Exports
Michael Lelyveld: 9/07/02

Central Asian States Seek New Voice After UN Summit
Mevlut Katik: 9/06/02

Russia’s Caspian Policy Combines Carrots and Sticks
Sergei Blagov: 9/04/02

Religious Persecution and Extremism Fosters Discontent in Central Asia
David Montgomery: 8/30/02

Caspian: Results Of Russian War Games Still A Mystery
Michael Lelyveld: 8/24/02

Turkmen Leader Optimistic on State of Country, but Others Have Doubts
Antoine Blua: 8/12/02

Iran Largely Silent on Russian-led Caspian Sea Military Exercises
Ardeshir Moaveni: 8/08/02

Russia to Flex Military Muscle in the Caspian Sea with an Eye on Future Energy Exports
Igor Torbakov: 7/31/02

Turkmenbashi Takes New Interest in Satellite Television
Bruce Pannier: 7/26/02

Armenia: Energy Cooperation With Iran To Increase
Emil Danielyan: 7/14/02

IMU Fighters Are in Pakistan: Eyewitnesses
Arif Jamal: 7/12/02

Turkmen Dissidents Seek International Support to Unseat President
7/08/02

Kyrgyz Security Council Secretary Warns of Fresh IMU Attacks, But to What End?
Zamira Eshanova: 7/06/02

Central Asia: Has New Alliance With West Helped Opposition Movements?
Zamira Eshanova: 7/05/02

CIS States Confront Questions Concerning Strategic Alignment
A EurasiaNet Commentary by Taras Kuzio: 7/01/02

The World Hears a Unified Turkmen Opposition
Rustem Safronov: 6/24/02

As Baku-Ceyhan Construction Date Nears, Debate Continues Over Project's Viability
Mark Berniker: 6/17/02

Afghanistan Eyes a Pipeline, But Prospects Look Dim
Halima Kazem: 6/6/02

Turkmenistan Seeks Foreign Capital, Investors Remain Wary
Daan van der Schriek: 6/6/02

Iran Announces Unilateral Decision to Develop Caspian Resources
Artie McConnell: 6/4/02

Caspian Fleet Flexes Muscle
Ariel Cohen: 5/11/02

Kazakhstan Sees Benefit in Caspian Dialogue
A EurasiaNet Commentary by Mevlut Katik: 5/9/02

Turkmen Leader Asks For UN Support In Moving Ahead With Pipeline Deal
Antoine Blua: 5/04/02

Russia, China Warily Watch for American Intrusions in Central Asia
Ahmed Rashid: 5/03/02

Central Asian Elites, Suddenly, Shift Into Revolt
Ahmed Rashid: 5/02/02

Caspian Sea Stalemate Leaves Azerbaijan on Edge
Clare Doyle: 4/29/02

Turkmen Dissident Accuses Niyazov of Crimes
Alec Appelbaum: 4/26/02

Echoes of Venezuela Reverberate in Eurasia
A EurasiaNet Commentary by Ariel Cohen: 4/23/02

Moscow Maneuvers Ahead of Caspian Summit
Sergei Blagov: 4/22/02

Caspian: Conflicts Likely At Presidents Summit
Michael Lelyveld: 4/20/02

Niyazov's Latest Purge Reveals a Regime on the Brink
Rustem Safronov: 4/16/02

Multinationals Pushing Oil Projects Despite Instability, Corruption
Nikola Krastev: 3/31/02

Turkmenistan's Niyazov Implicated in Drug Smuggling
Rustem Safronov: 3/29/02

Rising Heroin Abuse in Central Asia Raises Threat of Public Health Crisis
Robert Ponce: 3/29/02

Trend Towards Political Confrontation in Central Asian States Accelerating Since September 11
Igor Torbakov: 3/16/02

Turkmen Schools Sell Mediocrity For a Price
A EurasiaNet commentary by Avdy Kuliev: 3/23/02

Caspian Basin Nations Prepare Again to Tackle Territorial Conundrum
Nailia Sohbetqizi: 3/22/02

Caspian Pipeline Construction Efforts Move Forward
Ariel Cohen: 3/22/02

Opposition Leader Promises to Turn Up Heat on Niyazov
Justin Burke: 3/15/02

Latest Round of Sackings Portends More Instability in Turkmenistan
Rustem Safronov: 3/15/02

Turkmenistan Purge Indicative of Instability
Rustem Safronov: 3/12/02

US State Department Releases Human Rights Report Criticizing New Allies
Jeffrey Donovan: 3/6/02

Effort to Produce "Eurasian OPEC" Falls Short at CIS Summit
Sergei Blagov: 3/1/02

Turkmenistan Hit With Fresh Defection By Former Top Economic Official
Sergei Blagov: 2/21/02

Turkmenbashi Forges a New, Old Nation in Turkmenistan
A EurasiaNet Commentary by Taras Kuzio: 2/13/02

Border-Crossing Restrictions Spark Protest in Turkmen Provincial Capital
Kudrat Babadjanov: 2/13/02

Putin Faces Domestic Criticism Over Russia's Central Asia Policy
Igor Torbakov: 2/12/02

Russia Focuses Attention on Caspian Basin Issues
Igor Torbakov: 2/5/02

Turkmenistan's Ambassador to Turkey Defects to Political Opposition
M. A. Polaris: 2/5/02

Turkmenistan: Oil Output Numbers Fall Short Of Targets
Michael Lelyveld: 1/20/02

Caspian: Moscow Attempts To Set Sea Borders
Michael Lelyveld: 1/12/02

Afghanistan: Ethnic Turkmen Seek Peace-Building Role
Charles Recknagel: 1/06/02

Surveying the Infant Economies of Central Asia and the Caucasus
Alec Appelbaum: 1/5/02

US Experts Deploy in Uzbekistan To Address Bio-Weapons Threat
Beatrice Hogan: 1/3/02